2014 Orchestra Compensation Reports: Concertmasters

Compensation Reports ConcertmastersAlthough the average concertmaster in the list of those reported experienced an average increase of 3.69 percent, that figure was skewed a bit by a handful of very large increases among a few of the top earners. For example, The New York Philharmonic’s concertmaster went from earning a reported $517,432 in the 2010/11 season to $654,679 in 2011/12; likewise, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra’s concertmaster went from $507,063 in 2010/11 to $560,010 in 2011/12.

The Data

In order to provide information that is as accurate as possible, data from the 2011/12 season is gathered from the following sources:

  • Concertmaster compensation figures were obtained from their respective orchestra’s IRS Form 990 for the 2011/12 concert season.
  • Total Expenditures were also obtained from each respective orchestra’s IRS Form 990 for the 2011/12 concert season.

Adaptistration makes no claim to the accuracy of information from documents compiled or reported by external sources. If you have reason to believe any of the information is inaccurate or has changed since reported in any of the above sources and you can provide documentation to such effect, please feel free to use the following form to submit a notice.

Did you know? Direct links to most of the orchestra’s financial disclosure documents at guidestar.org are available in the Orchestra Financial Reports.

An Important Note About Concertmaster Compensation Reporting

Due to the changes in the IRS Form 990 a few years back, there are fewer concertmaster figures to report as compared to executives and music directors. Up until the 2008/09 season, nonprofit organizations were required to list a fixed number of employees who earned over $50,000/year, but the IRS increased that threshold to $100,000 for the 2008/09 season.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, quite a few concertmasters earning more than $50,000 but less than $100,000 no longer appear on their respective orchestra’s From 990.

As a result, you’ll see a number of “Not Reported” entries for most orchestras on the list, which is a sign that…

  • their concertmaster position was either unfilled for that season.
  • the concertmaster earned less than $100,000 and was therefore not included in the filing.
  • the concertmaster earned over $100,000 but because don’t earn enough to be included in the threshold of maximum employees listed in the 990.

Who Is this Concertmaster Person?

ViolinFor those not already familiar with the concertmaster position, this is the title reserved for the principal seat within the 1st violin section. More often than not, this is the musician you see walking out on stage at the beginning of the concert to initiate the orchestra’s tuning process before the conductor emerges.

Although concertmasters are included within every orchestra’s collective bargaining agreement, they also negotiate a separate contract with the orchestra detailing compensation and additional duties exclusive to their position. For example, it isn’t uncommon for a concertmaster to be featured as a soloist with the orchestra at least once a year. As such, their annual income will fluctuate based on the number of solo appearances they negotiate with their organization.

Additionally, concertmasters are required to perform any of the numerous internal solos incorporated into any given piece of music (such as the famous violin solo from Scheherazade). Beyond actual performing duties, concertmasters (along with other principal seat string musicians) are usually required to perform additional duties such as bowings (which are markings placed throughout a string player’s sheet music that indicate which direction to move the bow. This allows each section of strings to move their bows in unison and enhance to the sense of phrasing a conductor wishes to use.

A common perk associated with many concertmaster individual contracts are clauses excluding them from having to perform during some non-masterwork oriented concerts (such as holiday, pops, or educational concerts). As this clause is not uniform, the frequency and type of concerts concertmasters are excluded from participating vary from one musician to the next. It is also one of the reasons why orchestras may have one or two additional violinists within the orchestra who serve under the title of associate or assistant concertmaster.

Regardless of the additional clauses a concertmaster negotiates in their personal contract, they are afforded the same base workplace protection and representation guaranteed all musicians under the organization’s collective bargaining agreement.

2011/12 Season Concertmaster Compensation

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About Drew McManus

"I hear that every time you show up to work with an orchestra, people get fired." Those were the first words out of an executive's mouth after her board chair introduced us. That executive is now a dear colleague and friend but the day that consulting contract began with her orchestra, she was convinced I was a hatchet-man brought in by the board to clean house.

I understand where the trepidation comes from as a great deal of my consulting and technology provider work for arts organizations involves due diligence, separating fact from fiction, interpreting spin, as well as performance review and oversight. So yes, sometimes that work results in one or two individuals "aggressively embracing career change" but far more often than not, it reinforces and clarifies exactly what works and why.

In short, it doesn't matter if you know where all the bodies are buried if you can't keep your own clients out of the ground, and I'm fortunate enough to say that for more than 15 years, I've done exactly that for groups of all budget size from Qatar to Kathmandu.

For fun, I write a daily blog about the orchestra business, provide a platform for arts insiders to speak their mind, keep track of what people in this business get paid, help write a satirical cartoon about orchestra life, hack the arts, and love a good coffee drink.

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3 thoughts on “2014 Orchestra Compensation Reports: Concertmasters”

  1. I heard something once that part of the reason for high concertmaster salaries is that US orchestra concertmasters generally do not have tenure, but rather serve at the discretion of the music director. This is besides their responsibilities as leader of the orchestra, of course. Is that part about tenure true?

    • What a terrific question! In practical application, concertmasters live in a sort of middle ground but strictly speaking, they are afforded the exact same protections as every other member of a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) and have the same duties and responsibilities. This means that the concertmaster has the same probationary period as all musician members and if a music director wishes to initiate artistic (or peer) review for the concertmaster, the institution is obliged to follow the same process as it does for any musician.

      Now, the political reality there is given how much of a key position concertmaster is, most individuals in that seat realize that a change in music director brings a new level of scrutiny and if a MD simply doesn’t want you in that seat, you’re likely going to be out. There will always be exceptions to that rule, especially for concertmasters with wide international reputation and respect as well as those who are genuinely admired by their colleagues. for instance, could anyone even imagine Glenn Dicterow being dismissed for artistic reasons.

      But the short reply here is yes, concertmasters do have tenure just like every other musician defined in the CBA.

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